pjolatosha907/laboryes
1
0
Code Issues Actions Packages Projects Wiki

Add The Verge Stated It's Technologically Impressive

Latosha Hartman 2025-02-06 23:18:01 +08:00
commit 22064adaef
1 changed files with 76 additions and 0 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

76
The-Verge-Stated-It%27s-Technologically-Impressive.md Normal file

@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
<br>Announced in 2016, Gym is an open-source Python library developed to facilitate the advancement of reinforcement knowing algorithms. It aimed to standardize how environments are specified in [AI](http://shammahglobalplacements.com) research, making published research more quickly reproducible [24] [144] while supplying users with a simple user interface for connecting with these environments. In 2022, new developments of Gym have actually been moved to the library Gymnasium. [145] [146]
<br>Gym Retro<br>
<br>Released in 2018, Gym Retro is a platform for reinforcement learning (RL) research on computer game [147] using RL algorithms and research study generalization. Prior RL research focused mainly on enhancing agents to fix single jobs. Gym Retro gives the ability to generalize in between video games with comparable principles but various looks.<br>
<br>RoboSumo<br>
<br>Released in 2017, RoboSumo is a virtual world where humanoid metalearning robotic agents initially lack knowledge of how to even stroll, however are given the goals of discovering to move and to push the opposing agent out of the ring. [148] Through this adversarial knowing procedure, the agents find out how to adjust to changing conditions. When a [representative](https://vieclam.tuoitrethaibinh.vn) is then gotten rid of from this virtual environment and positioned in a brand-new virtual environment with high winds, the agent braces to remain upright, recommending it had discovered how to stabilize in a generalized way. [148] [149] OpenAI's Igor Mordatch argued that competition in between representatives could create an intelligence "arms race" that could increase a representative's capability to operate even outside the context of the competitors. [148]
<br>OpenAI 5<br>
<br>OpenAI Five is a team of five OpenAI-curated bots utilized in the competitive five-on-five computer game Dota 2, that discover to play against human gamers at a high ability level entirely through trial-and-error algorithms. Before becoming a team of 5, [gratisafhalen.be](https://gratisafhalen.be/author/rebbeca9609/) the very first public presentation occurred at The International 2017, the annual premiere champion competition for the game, where Dendi, a professional Ukrainian player, lost against a bot in a [live individually](http://124.222.6.973000) match. [150] [151] After the match, CTO Greg Brockman explained that the bot had actually learned by playing against itself for 2 weeks of genuine time, which the [knowing software](https://git.peaksscrm.com) application was an action in the instructions of creating software that can deal with intricate tasks like a cosmetic surgeon. [152] [153] The system utilizes a kind of reinforcement knowing, as the bots discover in time by playing against themselves hundreds of times a day for months, and are rewarded for actions such as eliminating an enemy and taking map objectives. [154] [155] [156]
<br>By June 2018, the capability of the bots expanded to play together as a full group of 5, and they were able to defeat groups of amateur and semi-professional players. [157] [154] [158] [159] At The International 2018, OpenAI Five played in 2 exhibit matches against professional gamers, however ended up losing both games. [160] [161] [162] In April 2019, OpenAI Five beat OG, the reigning world champs of the [video game](http://git.jishutao.com) at the time, 2:0 in a live exhibition match in San Francisco. [163] [164] The bots' final public look came later that month, where they played in 42,729 overall games in a four-day open online competitors, winning 99.4% of those video games. [165]
<br>OpenAI 5's mechanisms in Dota 2's bot player shows the obstacles of [AI](https://www.hirecybers.com) systems in multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) games and how OpenAI Five has shown the usage of deep reinforcement knowing (DRL) representatives to attain superhuman skills in Dota 2 matches. [166]
<br>Dactyl<br>
<br>Developed in 2018, Dactyl utilizes machine finding out to train a Shadow Hand, a human-like robotic hand, to control physical objects. [167] It finds out totally in simulation using the same RL algorithms and [training](https://workonit.co) code as OpenAI Five. OpenAI took on the [object orientation](http://admin.youngsang-tech.com) problem by utilizing domain randomization, a simulation technique which exposes the student to a variety of experiences instead of attempting to fit to truth. The set-up for Dactyl, aside from having movement tracking electronic cameras, likewise has RGB electronic [cameras](http://wj008.net10080) to enable the robotic to manipulate an approximate item by seeing it. In 2018, OpenAI showed that the system had the ability to manipulate a cube and an [octagonal prism](http://christiancampnic.com). [168]
<br>In 2019, [larsaluarna.se](http://www.larsaluarna.se/index.php/User:DominiqueCurmi) OpenAI showed that Dactyl might solve a Rubik's Cube. The robot had the ability to solve the puzzle 60% of the time. Objects like the Rubik's Cube introduce intricate physics that is harder to model. OpenAI did this by improving the toughness of Dactyl to perturbations by utilizing Automatic Domain Randomization (ADR), a simulation technique of creating gradually harder environments. ADR differs from manual domain randomization by not needing a human to specify randomization varieties. [169]
<br>API<br>
<br>In June 2020, OpenAI announced a multi-purpose API which it said was "for accessing new [AI](https://homejobs.today) models developed by OpenAI" to let developers get in touch with it for "any English language [AI](https://gogs.greta.wywiwyg.net) job". [170] [171]
<br>Text generation<br>
<br>The business has promoted generative pretrained transformers (GPT). [172]
<br>OpenAI's original GPT design ("GPT-1")<br>
<br>The [original paper](https://jobidream.com) on generative pre-training of a transformer-based language design was written by Alec Radford and his associates, and released in preprint on OpenAI's website on June 11, 2018. [173] It demonstrated how a generative model of [language](http://gitlab.together.social) could obtain world knowledge and process long-range dependencies by pre-training on a diverse corpus with long stretches of contiguous text.<br>
<br>GPT-2<br>
<br>Generative Pre-trained Transformer 2 ("GPT-2") is an unsupervised transformer language model and the successor to OpenAI's original GPT model ("GPT-1"). GPT-2 was announced in February 2019, with only limited demonstrative versions initially [launched](http://git.scraperwall.com) to the public. The full version of GPT-2 was not immediately released due to concern about prospective misuse, consisting of applications for writing fake news. [174] Some experts revealed uncertainty that GPT-2 postured a significant danger.<br>
<br>In reaction to GPT-2, the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence responded with a tool to identify "neural fake news". [175] Other researchers, such as Jeremy Howard, alerted of "the technology to totally fill Twitter, email, and the web up with reasonable-sounding, context-appropriate prose, which would muffle all other speech and be impossible to filter". [176] In November 2019, OpenAI released the complete variation of the GPT-2 language design. [177] Several websites host interactive demonstrations of various circumstances of GPT-2 and other transformer designs. [178] [179] [180]
<br>GPT-2's authors argue unsupervised language designs to be general-purpose students, shown by GPT-2 attaining state-of-the-art precision and perplexity on 7 of 8 [zero-shot tasks](http://122.112.209.52) (i.e. the model was not further trained on any task-specific input-output examples).<br>
<br>The corpus it was trained on, called WebText, contains somewhat 40 gigabytes of text from [URLs shared](http://8.217.113.413000) in Reddit submissions with at least 3 upvotes. It avoids certain problems encoding vocabulary with word tokens by utilizing byte pair encoding. This allows representing any string of characters by encoding both specific characters and multiple-character tokens. [181]
<br>GPT-3<br>
<br>First explained in May 2020, Generative Pre-trained [a] Transformer 3 (GPT-3) is an unsupervised transformer language design and the follower to GPT-2. [182] [183] [184] OpenAI mentioned that the full version of GPT-3 contained 175 billion parameters, [184] 2 orders of magnitude bigger than the 1.5 billion [185] in the complete variation of GPT-2 (although GPT-3 designs with as couple of as 125 million criteria were likewise trained). [186]
<br>OpenAI stated that GPT-3 succeeded at certain "meta-learning" tasks and could generalize the function of a single input-output pair. The GPT-3 release paper provided examples of [translation](https://gogs.adamivarsson.com) and cross-linguistic transfer learning in between English and Romanian, and between English and German. [184]
<br>GPT-3 drastically improved benchmark results over GPT-2. OpenAI cautioned that such scaling-up of language designs could be approaching or encountering the fundamental ability constraints of predictive language models. [187] Pre-training GPT-3 needed numerous thousand petaflop/s-days [b] of compute, compared to tens of petaflop/s-days for the full GPT-2 model. [184] Like its predecessor, [174] the GPT-3 trained design was not right away launched to the general public for concerns of possible abuse, although [OpenAI planned](https://adverts-socials.com) to permit gain access to through a paid cloud API after a two-month totally free personal beta that started in June 2020. [170] [189]
<br>On September 23, 2020, GPT-3 was licensed exclusively to Microsoft. [190] [191]
<br>Codex<br>
<br>Announced in mid-2021, Codex is a descendant of GPT-3 that has additionally been trained on code from 54 million GitHub repositories, [192] [193] and is the [AI](https://p1partners.co.kr) powering the code autocompletion tool GitHub Copilot. [193] In August 2021, an API was released in personal beta. [194] According to OpenAI, the model can develop working code in over a lots programming languages, the majority of [efficiently](http://82.157.77.1203000) in Python. [192]
<br>Several issues with problems, design flaws and security vulnerabilities were pointed out. [195] [196]
<br>GitHub Copilot has been implicated of emitting copyrighted code, without any author attribution or license. [197]
<br>OpenAI announced that they would cease assistance for Codex API on March 23, 2023. [198]
<br>GPT-4<br>
<br>On March 14, 2023, OpenAI revealed the release of Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4), capable of accepting text or image inputs. [199] They announced that the upgraded technology passed a [simulated law](http://tmdwn.net3000) school [bar test](http://115.159.107.1173000) with a score around the [leading](https://streaming.expedientevirtual.com) 10% of test takers. (By contrast, GPT-3.5 scored around the bottom 10%.) They said that GPT-4 might also check out, examine or produce up to 25,000 words of text, and compose code in all major programming languages. [200]
<br>Observers reported that the iteration of ChatGPT utilizing GPT-4 was an [enhancement](http://gogs.kuaihuoyun.com3000) on the previous GPT-3.5-based version, with the caveat that GPT-4 retained some of the issues with earlier revisions. [201] GPT-4 is also in taking images as input on ChatGPT. [202] OpenAI has actually declined to expose numerous technical details and stats about GPT-4, such as the accurate size of the model. [203]
<br>GPT-4o<br>
<br>On May 13, 2024, OpenAI announced and released GPT-4o, which can process and generate text, images and audio. [204] GPT-4o attained state-of-the-art results in voice, multilingual, and vision standards, setting brand-new records in audio speech acknowledgment and translation. [205] [206] It scored 88.7% on the Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) standard compared to 86.5% by GPT-4. [207]
<br>On July 18, 2024, OpenAI launched GPT-4o mini, a smaller variation of GPT-4o replacing GPT-3.5 Turbo on the ChatGPT user interface. Its API costs $0.15 per million input tokens and $0.60 per million output tokens, compared to $5 and $15 respectively for GPT-4o. OpenAI anticipates it to be particularly beneficial for business, start-ups and designers looking for to automate services with [AI](https://git.chir.rs) agents. [208]
<br>o1<br>
<br>On September 12, 2024, OpenAI released the o1-preview and o1-mini models, which have been created to take more time to consider their actions, causing greater precision. These designs are especially efficient in science, coding, and reasoning tasks, and were made available to ChatGPT Plus and Employee. [209] [210] In December 2024, o1-preview was changed by o1. [211]
<br>o3<br>
<br>On December 20, 2024, OpenAI unveiled o3, the successor of the o1 thinking model. OpenAI also revealed o3-mini, a lighter and much faster version of OpenAI o3. As of December 21, 2024, this model is not available for public use. According to OpenAI, they are evaluating o3 and o3-mini. [212] [213] Until January 10, 2025, safety and security researchers had the chance to obtain early access to these models. [214] The design is called o3 instead of o2 to avoid confusion with telecommunications companies O2. [215]
<br>Deep research study<br>
<br>Deep research is a representative developed by OpenAI, unveiled on February 2, 2025. It leverages the capabilities of OpenAI's o3 design to perform substantial web browsing, data analysis, and synthesis, delivering detailed reports within a timeframe of 5 to thirty minutes. [216] With searching and Python tools allowed, it reached an accuracy of 26.6 percent on HLE (Humanity's Last Exam) benchmark. [120]
<br>Image category<br>
<br>CLIP<br>
<br>Revealed in 2021, CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training) is a model that is trained to [analyze](http://cwscience.co.kr) the semantic resemblance between text and images. It can especially be used for image category. [217]
<br>Text-to-image<br>
<br>DALL-E<br>
<br>[Revealed](https://www.srapo.com) in 2021, DALL-E is a Transformer model that creates images from textual descriptions. [218] DALL-E utilizes a 12-billion-parameter variation of GPT-3 to translate natural language inputs (such as "a green leather purse shaped like a pentagon" or "an isometric view of a sad capybara") and generate matching images. It can develop pictures of reasonable things ("a stained-glass window with a picture of a blue strawberry") in addition to things that do not exist in truth ("a cube with the texture of a porcupine"). As of March 2021, no API or code is available.<br>
<br>DALL-E 2<br>
<br>In April 2022, OpenAI announced DALL-E 2, an [upgraded variation](http://jolgoo.cn3000) of the model with more reasonable outcomes. [219] In December 2022, OpenAI released on GitHub software application for Point-E, a brand-new rudimentary system for transforming a text description into a 3-dimensional design. [220]
<br>DALL-E 3<br>
<br>In September 2023, OpenAI revealed DALL-E 3, a more powerful design much better able to produce images from complex descriptions without manual prompt engineering and [wiki.dulovic.tech](https://wiki.dulovic.tech/index.php/User:FidelBatt531106) render complex details like hands and text. [221] It was launched to the public as a ChatGPT Plus [function](http://406.gotele.net) in October. [222]
<br>Text-to-video<br>
<br>Sora<br>
<br>Sora is a text-to-video design that can generate videos based upon brief detailed triggers [223] in addition to extend existing videos forwards or in reverse in time. [224] It can generate videos with resolution approximately 1920x1080 or 1080x1920. The maximal length of generated videos is unknown.<br>
<br>Sora's advancement team named it after the Japanese word for "sky", to signify its "endless imaginative capacity". [223] Sora's innovation is an adaptation of the technology behind the DALL · E 3 text-to-image model. [225] [OpenAI trained](http://www.asiapp.co.kr) the system using publicly-available videos as well as copyrighted videos licensed for that purpose, but did not expose the number or the exact sources of the videos. [223]
<br>OpenAI demonstrated some Sora-created high-definition videos to the public on February 15, [larsaluarna.se](http://www.larsaluarna.se/index.php/User:AlineCox0079049) 2024, specifying that it could create videos approximately one minute long. It also shared a technical report highlighting the approaches used to train the design, and the design's capabilities. [225] It acknowledged a few of its drawbacks, [fishtanklive.wiki](https://fishtanklive.wiki/User:GiuseppeXve) including battles replicating complex physics. [226] Will Douglas Heaven of the MIT Technology Review called the presentation videos "excellent", however noted that they must have been cherry-picked and might not represent Sora's normal output. [225]
<br>Despite uncertainty from some scholastic leaders following Sora's public demonstration, notable entertainment-industry figures have revealed substantial interest in the innovation's potential. In an interview, actor/filmmaker Tyler Perry expressed his astonishment at the [innovation's ability](https://gitea.daysofourlives.cn11443) to generate sensible video from text descriptions, citing its possible to change storytelling and content production. He said that his enjoyment about Sora's possibilities was so strong that he had decided to stop briefly plans for broadening his Atlanta-based motion picture studio. [227]
<br>Speech-to-text<br>
<br>Whisper<br>
<br>Released in 2022, Whisper is a general-purpose speech recognition model. [228] It is trained on a large dataset of diverse audio and is also a multi-task design that can carry out multilingual speech recognition along with speech translation and language recognition. [229]
<br>Music generation<br>
<br>MuseNet<br>
<br>Released in 2019, MuseNet is a [deep neural](http://47.103.29.1293000) net trained to forecast subsequent musical notes in [MIDI music](http://luodev.cn) files. It can produce tunes with 10 instruments in 15 designs. According to The Verge, a song produced by MuseNet tends to start fairly but then fall into chaos the longer it plays. [230] [231] In pop culture, preliminary applications of this tool were used as early as 2020 for the internet mental thriller Ben Drowned to create music for the titular character. [232] [233]
<br>Jukebox<br>
<br>Released in 2020, Jukebox is an open-sourced algorithm to create music with vocals. After training on 1.2 million samples, the system accepts a genre, artist, and a snippet of lyrics and outputs song samples. OpenAI stated the songs "reveal regional musical coherence [and] follow standard chord patterns" but [acknowledged](https://git.fpghoti.com) that the songs do not have "familiar bigger musical structures such as choruses that duplicate" which "there is a substantial gap" in between Jukebox and human-generated music. The Verge specified "It's technologically remarkable, even if the results seem like mushy versions of tunes that might feel familiar", while Business Insider stated "surprisingly, some of the resulting tunes are catchy and sound legitimate". [234] [235] [236]
<br>User user interfaces<br>
<br>Debate Game<br>
<br>In 2018, OpenAI launched the Debate Game, which teaches devices to dispute [toy issues](https://www.contraband.ch) in front of a human judge. The function is to research whether such an approach might assist in auditing [AI](https://dramatubes.com) choices and in establishing explainable [AI](https://gitea.eggtech.net). [237] [238]
<br>Microscope<br>
<br>Released in 2020, Microscope [239] is a collection of visualizations of every substantial layer and neuron of eight neural network models which are often studied in interpretability. [240] Microscope was developed to examine the functions that form inside these neural networks quickly. The designs consisted of are AlexNet, VGG-19, different variations of Inception, and different versions of CLIP Resnet. [241]
<br>ChatGPT<br>
<br>Launched in November 2022, ChatGPT is a synthetic intelligence tool [constructed](https://hyped4gamers.com) on top of GPT-3 that offers a conversational user interface that permits users to ask questions in natural language. The system then responds with a response within seconds.<br>